State of the Art in Designing Fish-Friendly Turbines: Concepts and Performance Indicators

The expanding role of renewable energy sources in the electricity market share implies increasing hydropower and exploitation unharnessed hydraulic potential, scope sustainability net zero emissions. Hydro-turbine design practices are expected to expand beyond achieving high efficiency goals, multi-objective criteria ranging from efficient reversible operation fish-friendly concepts. present review paper outlines fundamental characteristics hydropower, summarizing its potential impact toward aquatic life. Estimates lethality for each damage mechanism discussed, such as barotrauma, blunt shearing, along with relevant advances experimental techniques. Furthermore, numerical techniques simple particle tracking fully coupled six-degree-of-freedom tracking, which can be used investigate candidate designs their performance, presenting advantages disadvantages. Subsequently, a link individual mechanisms is established, proposed holistic performance metrics, useful providing estimates fish-friendliness given installation. Finally, recent developments turbine concepts presented.